Integrative Paper on The Family Crucible’s Brice Family Essay

The origin of family therapy can be traced back to a period in the mid-1900’s when focus shifted from individual psychoanalysis towards the correlation of psychological problems and family structure and relationships. It began when the psychoanalytical setting became insufficient to address some cases where the involvement of other members of the family was a greatly influential factor. It has long been established that humans as social beings are greatly affected by these interpersonal relationships. For instance a significant amount of visits to psychotherapists are due to marriage and family problems. When mental illnesses are present with no biological of such, it is also the family that is first assessed. Freudian theories focus very much on familial relationships as well. All of these developments offered new suggestions for therapy (Long, 1996). One technique that arose, for example was the â€Å"conjoint family therapy†. Here, sessions are videotaped or observed behind one way screens. Another was holding meetings with other families, called â€Å"multiple family groups†. Eventually, these gave birth to family therapy, which is now only about forty years old. The family, as a person’s immediate environment, was therefore presented as the most basic social unit. Since each one has its own set of values, rules and principles, we can analyze the role and interactions within the family, and use this analysis in a broader context- the community. Underneath the light and conversational tone that Napier and Whitaker (1988) use in their book, The Family Crucible, are fundamental concepts and approaches that can be helpful in understanding family therapy. It narrates the story of how the Brice family’s conflicts were resolved by encouraging interaction among all five members and solving issues in the parents’ marriage. The Brice family is composed of David, the father who is a VIP lawyer, Carolyn, an angry mother, their teenage daughter Claudia, and their two other children, Laura and Don. The story was also able to present the way some problems may dynamically affect each member of the family- a misunderstanding or imbalance of family roles, for example, or excessive child focus that may lead to a couple’s unhappiness. Among other concepts presented too are blaming, family life cycle stages, polarization and reciprocity. For some time, the idea that Whitaker’s charismatic personality, and not really his theory, seemed accurate in the solving of the family problem. Without a formal education or training in therapy, Whitaker started developing his theories as he began a research on how to treat schizophrenia using â€Å"aggressive play therapy†, after which he invested in developing other methods that could be applied in cases other than schizophrenia. For example, he used a form of pyknolepsy, where he would dream about himself and his patient during a session. This would show what their relationship was like and would be used as part of the therapy (Whitaker, 1981). He also said that in using a technique, a therapist also develops himself, with the patient as a conciliator. However, some of the points in the book can definitely suggest otherwise. For example, spontaneity in the family was seen as a sign of trust and good communication lines, an element that family therapy aims to measure. Where there is a free exchange of ideas, it becomes easier for members to bring up and solve issues, which, if swept under the rug, can only pile up and become a cause of angst. In another book by Whitaker (1981), he emphasizes how normal families should not add up to each other’s stress. Another characteristic of a family in good shape is a certain freedom or flexibility in roles whenever certain changes occur. A member’s role should not be one that is strictly defined, but rather one that results from the conditions that the family is in, including their values, culture and needs, which can change at a given time. I personally saw their insistence that all members of the Brice family be present during the therapy as impressive. When Carolyn, the mother, started showing signs of impatience about their son Don’s tardiness, she wanted to begin the therapy without him already. However, the therapists saw the need to treat the family as a whole, especially since their â€Å"demand to have the whole family in† is the start of their â€Å"battle for structure† (p. 204).   Family therapy has developed is a clinical methodology that revolves around the hypothesis that psychological distress can be assessed through the observation of human relations. It also capitalizes on the assumption that every member of the system affects or influences each other and the system. And while other cases may require individual therapy based on the individuality of the patient, some cases need to involve the whole family when the nature of the issue is much connected with it. Even though Carolyn insists that â€Å". . . Don isn’t the problem. The problem has to do with Claudia (p. 6)† or Claudia identifies herself as â€Å"it†, the fact remains that as a family, Claudia affects her siblings and parents, just as much as she affects them. Furthermore, the purpose of family therapy, like all other forms of therapy, is to create a therapeutic experience, and that experience will not be felt as a family if one is absent. The therapists constantly created activities like playing for the children in order to create such an experience and to later on suggest and have improvement. Later on, even the grandparents become involved in the therapy. They were asked to come as consultants during sessions, especially since they have know the Brice family better and can help in observing or assessing them. I believe that the intervening approach used by Napier and Whitaker proved to be appropriate for the Brice family. The way confusion, awkwardness and silence were utilized to â€Å"unbalance† the family was also impressive. When the question â€Å"When did you divorce your husband and marry the children?† was straightforwardly asked to Carolyn, Whitaker also displayed a sense of professionalism in the sense that he put the method of using Carolyn’s â€Å"unbalance† over the want to be liked by the client. Perhaps this emphasizes that during therapy, the therapist’s self-development and maturity is essential as well. Observable too is the movement of the therapy from one stage to another, where the need for structure was identified and addressed during the first one, role playing and interaction were done during the second one to improve relationships especially that of the parents’, and finally, the therapists saw the family functioning independently as one unit. However, it is also important to note that while these techniques were effective for the Brice family, they may not have the same results on other families. For example, the technique of â€Å"unbalancing† the family, though seen as an unnecessary stressor, is a risky step to take. If the purpose of such straightforwardness is not seen by the client, or if the dislike towards therapist grows to deter the progress of the session, unwanted consequences could arise. A thorough initial assessment of the family, therefore, is necessary. Using the technique of co-therapy also seemed successful here, mainly due to the fact that Napier and Whitaker, after having been together in other cases, know how to work efficiently already. They even called this co-therapy a â€Å"professional marriage†. Nevertheless, the need for initial assessment is again emphasized as having to share your problems with two therapists can appear to be intimidating to some families, and can stir up some hesitation. BIBLIOGRAPHY:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Long, P. W. (1996). Family therapy. Retrieved June 18, 2009 from http://accg.net/family_therapy.htm Napier, A. Y. & Whitaker, C. (1988). The family crucible: The intense experience of family therapy. New York: Harper Collins Publishers. Whitaker, C. A. (1981). Symbolic-experiential family therapy. In A. S. Gurman, & D. P. Knistern (eds.), Handbook of family therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

Dairy: Milk and Clover Essay

Clover S. A. (Proprietary) Limited (â€Å"Clover†) is the biggest dairy processor in South Africa with a turnover of R 4. 3 billion and staff in excess of 6 000. Clover collects approximately 30% of South Africa’s milk supply and processes it into well known branded dairy and related products which is then distributed nationally and even exported into certain African countries. In this document, Clover’s external opportunities and threats, and its internal strengths and weaknesses will be evaluated in order to complete the relevant matrices, whereafter the Grand Strategy Matrix will be used to devise appropriate strategies to deal with the key opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses Mission and Vision Statements: Clover’s mission (which answers the question â€Å"What is Clover’s business?†) is as follows: â€Å"Clover is a branded foods and beverages group with a strong emphasis on value-added products. Clover’s South African dairy business is the perfect enabler to reach the Group’s widely dispersed customers and consumers. Extraordinary care is taken to develop brands which will occupy the number one or two positions in its chosen segments. It believes in the superior procurement, production, marketing, sales and distribution of these branded consumer goods (BCG) to its loyal consumers. † A review of the mission statement shows that most of the â€Å"9 C’s† (i. e. Customers, Products, Markets, Technology, Concern for survival, Growth and Profitability, Philosophy, Self Concept, Concern for Public Image and Concern for Employees) have been utilised in a short statement. It is suggested that the following of the â€Å"absent† â€Å"9 C’s† be included or elaborated upon in the mission statement Concern for employees; Philosophy. Its vision (which answers the question â€Å"What do we want to become?†) is as follows: â€Å"To be a leading and competitive company in South Africa and selected African countries, reaching every consumer on a daily basis with its most admired branded and trusted products, delivering improved and sustainable shareholder value by being a responsible corporate citizen and preferred employer. † A review of the vision statement shows stronger and more reliance by Clover on its brand than on its products. However, Clover’s vision is most certainly achievable, and in certain aspects one may argue that the vision statement might be outdated. THE EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT Introduction: Broadly, the purpose of an external assessment is to a company’s (in this case Clover’s) opportunities which could benefit it on the one hand, and on the other, threats that should be avoided. Generally, these external â€Å"forces† can be divided into the following categories: Economic forces; Social, cultural, demographic and environmental forces; Political, governmental and legal forces; Technological forces; and Competitive forces. Each of these categories will be discussed briefly, as well as the opportunities and threats will be listed under each heading. Economic Forces: The current and ongoing recession had a negative impact on the company’s interim financial results for the 6 months ending December 2008. More particularly and in the words of Clover’s Chief Executive, Mr JH Vorster, â€Å"a recent international publication on dairy matters stated that the industry faces a perfect storm of destructive economic forces and South Africa and Clover could not escape these forces†. The high unemployment numbers (which increases by the day) have an impact on disposable income, which in turn has an impact on buying behaviour, especially towards branded products (which Clover prides itself on), which as a very general rule carries a price margin. This, however, will continue to pose a problem, and as such, Clover must continue to ride the wave of brand recognition to endeavour to brace itself against the prevailing negative economic forces, which is seen as a huge threat. A further threat is the high number of farmers leaving the trade due to what they generally term â€Å"unaffordability†. Social, Cultural, Demographic and Environmental Forces: Clover believes in personal social uplift, thereby not only donating money in general, but being directly involved in the upliftment. Its flagship upliftment programme, Mama Afrika, currently supports in excess of 10 000 people. Appropriately, Clover views this project along the following lines: â€Å"Clover’s flagship CSI philosophy is underpinned by the principle of sustainability; instead of giving people handouts, it is investing in projects that empower communities and enhance their ability to become self-sufficient in the long term. â€Å"We teach the Mamas how to fish rather than give them the fish. †Ã¢â‚¬  According to Clover, it believes that: â€Å"The company is inextricably part of the community and will therefore, in terms of support and development, accept its social responsibility; Profitability and growth are pre-requisites to fulfill its social responsibility within financial means; The community, primarily has to accept responsibility for its own well-being and will only within means, be supported in this; It creates wealth through company taxes, employee taxes and levies which enable government to establish and maintain essential infrastructure like roads, education and health services; Opportunities for work and prosperity are not only created within the business, but that it, indirectly, contributes to job creation and combating poverty. † It furthermore enforces strict environmental disposal techniques in order to protect the environment. It is therefore that Clover views the Social, Cultural and Demographic Forces as an exciting opportunity. The general deterioration of the environment is naturally a concern for Clover, as some of its biggest assets (i. e. cows) rely on a safe environment. This may therefore be seen as a (general) threat. Political, Governmental and Legal Forces: General: First and foremost, Clover must ensure that the relevant agreements are in place with its retailers, service providers and suppliers. These agreements must also be regularly updated. Legislation: The following legislation will be applicable to Clover (or at least cognisance should be taken of these Acts at all times): The Companies’ Act, 69 of 1973; The Companies’ Act, 71 of 2008 (which will come into operation during 2010); The Consumer Protection Act, 68 of 2008, which provides for, inter alia, promoting a fair, accessible and sustainable marketplace for consumer products; Promotion of Access to Information Act, 2 of 2000, which provides for access to information by individuals and/or entities. Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act, 53 of 2003, which provides for, inter alia, increased broad-based and effective participation of black people in the economy; The Competition Act, 89 of 1998, which provides for, inter alia, the investigation, control and evaluation of certain restrictive practices (the amendments passed during 2010 holds grave consequences in for those who do not adhere to the provisions of the Act). It might well be that a company’s knowledge of particular Acts as mentioned above will be an opportunity. Similarly, a company’s ignorance will be a threat to the company. Clover is an established company, has a legal department and therefore its knowledge of the current law and legislation are adequate. Technological Forces: Clover’s relationship with its customers and clients are entirely computer based (â€Å"IT based†). It is therefore of paramount importance that all its IT be updated regularly (and adequately). Although it has an IT department, Clover does not have a manager close enough to the Executive Committee (such as legal and/or Human Resources). This is seen as a weakness. Competitive Forces: As mentioned in the general introduction in 1. 1 above, Clover collects approximately 30% of South Africa’s milk, leaving 70% which is collected by between 200 to 350 other dairies in South Africa. Of these, Parmalat (Pty) Ltd, Woodlands Dairy (Pty) Ltd, Nestle Dairy (Pty) Ltd, Milkwood (Pty) Ltd and Dairybelle (Pty) Ltd are the biggest competitors. It does however depend on the type of products (for instance, Parmalat is the biggest processor of UHT (Ultra High temperature) milk in South Africa) and geographically (for instance, Parmalat is the biggest distributor of milk in the Western Cape). However, the mentioned companies are competitors and competitors are generally a threat. Clover relies on its brand and extensive distribution network to gain the competitive advantage. Some of the smaller competitors are more than likely to fail due to the current economic recession, thereby giving Clover the opportunities in respect of possible acquisitions of growing market share. A further threat is the (sometimes) ease with which competitors may be successful in convincing farmers to change one processor to another. THE EXTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (â€Å"EFE†) MATRIX FOR CLOVER: Key External FactorsWeightRatingWeighted Score Opportunities 1. Recession may cause increase in market share0. 0820. 16 2. Social upliftment programme is extremely successful0. 0540. 20 3. Knowledge of applicable legislation and law0. 1030. 3 4. Possible acquisitions of competitors0. 0810. 08 5. Clover has branded products0. 1130. 33 Threats 6. Economic Recession is a great concern0. 2020. 40 7. Farmers leaving the trade0. 0820. 16 8. Agreements not updated regularly enough0. 0540. 20 9. New and amended legislation places enormous pressure on companies0. 0530. 15 10. Continual Environment Deterioration is of concern0. 0340. 12 11. IT department not close enough to management0. 0320. 06 12. Competitors are generally a threat0. 0730. 21 13. Farmers are convinced to leave Clover for its competitors0. 0720. 14 Total1. 002. 51 CONCLUSION: Clover scores an average of 2. 51 out of a possible 4. There is therefore ample room for improvement. THE INTERNAL ASSESSMENT: Introduction: Broadly, the purpose of an internal assessment is to identify and list a company’s internal strengths and weaknesses. Generally, these internal forces by Clover can be divided into the following categories: Management Forces; Marketing Forces; Finance / Accounting Forces; Production / Operations Forces; Research and Development Forces; and Management Information Systems Forces. As with the External Assessment, each of these categories will be cryptically analysed and the strengths and weaknesses will be listed under each heading. Management: Management of Clover has 5 basic activities, namely: Planning; Organising; Motivating; Staffing; and Controlling. Management may be seen as actively planning in order to take the company forward in line with its vision. However, the motivational activity may have taken a turn for the worst, as Clover closed down one of its factories, and is in the process of restructuring and retrenchment. It is therefore submitted that management motivation is, at the moment, a weakness. Apart from the above, the activities of management are attended to adequately and the employees are always encouraged to participate and voice concerns, even directly with management. Marketing: There are 7 basic functions of marketing, namely: Customer analysis; Selling products/services; Product and service planning; Pricing; Distribution; Marketing research; and Opportunity analysis. Clover is well positioned in the market and is a very strong branded company. That being said, its market share has remained stagnant for the past year or two. Clover’s marketing team is very strong, and focuses on the â€Å"new† products, rather than milk. The main product of Clover is thus difficult to market. The view at this stage, is that Clover’s prices of its products are sometimes too high, but the fact remains that Clover is marketing an extremely strong and well known brand. Finance / Accounting : Strengths: Can identify early on future shortfalls in the company and react. Had a positive net profit over last 6 year period. Operating profit was 22. 6% higher than 2007. Property, plant and equipment increased from 2007. Goodwill increased as a result of acquisition of 70% of Mayo Dairy by Clover’s joint venture Danone Clover. Weaknesses: There was a 22. 8% increase internally on operating expenses in 2008 and no mention of plans to combat same. Company suffered tax loss. Interest bearing debt increased. Cash utilisation increased by 26% from 2007. Production / Operations: Clover’s main product (milk) is extremely perishable and as such, Clover succeeds in putting milk, in whatever form, in its packaging within 48 hours after collection thereof from the farmers. This is quite impressive bearing in mind that whilst most of its milk is collected at the coast (KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Caper) most are processed in the Highveld. It is a concern that most of its factories are not close to its source, but Clover is addressing this at the moment. Its quality control is well maintained, and according to Clover, each litre of milk undergoes 55 quality checks before leaving the factory. Research and Development (â€Å"R & D†): Clover survives on â€Å"older† products, but its R & D department is always busy exploring newer and innovative products. It is however difficult to do with a product such as milk. One of its most innovative products in recent years were no fat milk and vanilla milk. Management Information Systems (â€Å"MIS†): It might be argued that Clover’s MIS is not up to scratch. It relies on data from the trade and field. There is no information officer in the company. Information is collected as and when requested and/or needed. INTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATION (â€Å"IFE†) MATRIX FOR CLOVER: Key Internal FactorsWeightRatingWeighted Score Strengths 1. Management’s Planning, organising staff and controlling is good0. 1040. 40 2. Brand is very strong and thus marketing is fairly easy and successful0. 2040. 80 3. Strong marketing team0. 0530. 15 4. Turnover increases year on year for the past 6 years0. 0930. 27 5. Production and operation very strong0. 1140. 44 Weaknesses 6. Management motivation low due to impending restructuring0. 7010. 2 7. Operating expenses rose by 22. 8%0. 0620. 12 8. High turnover but low profit margin (between 7% and 8%)0. 0510. 05 9. Factories too far away from source, thereby increasing production costs0. 0810. 08 10. Product may be seen as old and stagnant, thereby inhibiting R & D0. 0220. 04 11. MIS not adequate0. 0410. 04 Total1. 000. 002. 59 IFE CONCLUSION: Clover score of 2. 59 is above average, therefore indicating average to slightly strong internal position. There is therefore ample room for improvement, but it is not weak internally, which is positive. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). SWOT analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. Strategies to adopt in improving Clovers mission statement Human resources Applies to all actors along the chain from producers to consumers. Producers: continuing education on breeding, feeding, animal health, the role of institutions and groups. Milk collectors and handlers: training in clean milk processes; payment systems. Milk procurement: organization logistics; environmental issues and concerns; aim is to keep cost as low as possible. Knowledge management Marketing: consumer education and awareness (e. g. school trips to dairies); educate the media so they can help promote milk campaigns; educate health professionals so they know about the benefits. Competitiveness Producing high quality milk at lowest cost; quality is linked to other elements; government can provide loans, artificial insemination, knowledge (training programs); Productivity. Private sector can provide knowledge, consultants, equipment; research and development on new products and technology; nutrition; management (keeping costs low, quality high) Value addition There is a phenomenal scope for innovations in product development, packaging and presentation. Steps should be taken to introduce value-added products like ice creams, flavored milk, dairy sweets, etc. This will lead to a greater presence and flexibility in the market place along with opportunities in the field of brand building. Addition of cultured products like yoghurt and cheese lend further strength – both in terms of utilization of resources and presence in the market place. Export potential Efforts to exploit export potential are already on. Clover should export to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and the Middle East. Following the new GATT treaty, opportunities will increase tremendously for the export of agri-products in general and dairy products in particular. Cooperatives Greater awareness of farmers’ needs Clover should not think that they are the only custodians or ‘voice’ of Farmers or the only ones protecting the interests of Farmers. Clover should be open enough to understand and think ‘out of the box’ and to understand and see what ways and means can help farmers stay loyal and be more productive. Competition With so many newcomers entering this industry, competition is becoming tougher day by day. But then competition has to be faced as a ground reality. It is large enough for many to carve out their niche. Problematic distribution All is not well with distribution. But then if ice creams can be sold virtually at every nook and corner, why can’t Clover sell other dairy products too? Moreover, it is only a matter of time before we see the emergence of a cold chain linking the producer to the refrigerator at the consumer’s home Perishability Pasteurization has overcome this weakness partially. UHT gives milk long life. Surely, many new processes will follow to improve milk quality and extend its shelf life. Clover needs to overhaul its R & D department.

5 Study Tips to Improve Your SAT Weaknesses

You’re a pro at one section of the SAT, but you just can’t seem to nudge your score up in the other.   How can you develop skills to master weak areas? Read on for five tips for improving your SAT weaknesses. You can’t measure improvement or hone weak areas if you don’t know where you’re starting. Take a diagnostic test to find out where you are. ’s diagnostic test identifies specific strengths and weaknesses within each skill set and area the test measures. The PSAT can also give you an early indication of where you should focus your efforts. When you receive your score report, you’ll not only be able to view your overall scores for each section, but you’ll also see sub-scores for individual skills: Command of Evidence, Words in Context, Expression of Ideas, Standard English Conventions, Heart of Algebra, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Passport to Advanced Math. That way, you’ll be able to know if, say, problem solving was the specific weakness that contributed to a lower score in the Math section, and recognize that that’s where you should focus your attention. To better understand your PSAT scores, read What Does My PSAT Score Mean? . Remember that the PSAT doesn’t necessarily correlate to your future performance on the SAT. You’ll take more classes and expand your breadth of knowledge before you take the SAT; the PSAT can serve as an indication of what you should aim to improve before the actual test. Taking a diagnostic test early gives you time to prepare and retake the test if you need to. As you take more practice tests, you’ll become more familiar with the layout of the test. If you start preparing later, some of the aspects and feature of the test might trip you up, since you won’t be as used to them. Starting early means you’ll gain the ability to work within time constraints, understand the structure, and become familiar with the skills you need to master to conquer individual sections. For instance, the Reading section requires strong critical thinking skills, vocabulary, and ability to use context clues to determine the meaning of a passage. As you read more passages on practice tests, you’ll become adept at knowing how to deconstruct the text and pulling out important information. You’ll also gain insight into your own habits and the mistakes you routinely make. When practicing and scoring, pay attention to the types of questions you routinely get wrong. For instance, perhaps you’re not reading word problems on the Math section carefully enough. Missing key words because you’re rushing can mean the difference between a correct and incorrect answer. After enough practice, you’ll know what mistakes to be on the lookout for as you check your work. Our students see an average increase of 250 points on their SAT scores. Once you know your weak areas, develop creative ways to hone your skills. For example, using apps are a great way to practice, and you can focus on specific types of questions. Khan Academy, Daily Practice from College Board, and The Official SAT Question of the Day are some great apps to use. Are you having trouble with particular math problems and wasting time flipping back and forth to the formulas page? Institute a â€Å"formula of the day† policy, focusing on a specific formula to memorize each day. Or, if vocabulary is an issue, have a â€Å"word of the day† to memorize. Study with friends—if you’re each stronger in different areas, you can share strategies to help each other master weaker areas. Time management is key to doing well on the SAT. Understanding the components of the test and how much time you’re allotted for each part will help you prepare. Components include: Reading: 52 multiple-choice questions, 65 minutes. Writing and Language: 44 multiple-choice questions, 25 minutes Math—No Calculator: 15 multiple-choice questions, 25 minutes Math—With Calculator section: 55 minutes, 30 multiple-choice questions and 8 grid-in questions Tip: Break down your time as follows For more tips on planning out how much time to spend on each section on the SAT, check out How to Pace Yourself on Every Section of the SAT. When studying, simulate this testing environment at least a few times so you can practice working within the time constraints. Tutors can help you develop competencies in weaker areas. Since they know the test, they know what it’s measuring—and what you need to do to improve. They can also provide resources and materials such as practice tests to help you study.

Organic Chemistry lab Determination of the Structure of a Natural Assignment

Organic Chemistry lab Determination of the Structure of a Natural Product in Anise Oil - Assignment Example The molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 10. This implies that there are 5 rings or double bonds in the structure. Each one would then compensate for the two of the hydrogen atoms that are not there (Lehman, p.292-294). Upon catalytic hydrogenation of anise oil, a saturated compound with a chemical formula C10H20O, it points to the original structure to be containing four pibonds, since eight hydrogen atoms were added (Lehman, p.292-294). Aliquat 336 functions as phase transfer catalyst, it provides green chemistry procedures. If it was not added, the experiment would not have been environmentally friendly due to the hazardous wastes produced during the chemical reactions. B) The Ph 7 of the filtered reaction mixture indicates a neutral mixture. It points to addition of insufficient 6M HCL which was required to make the reaction mixture acidic. The reaction mixture ought to have turned brown after addition of anise oil and heat, which turns white in addition of

Italian Cuisines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Italian Cuisines - Essay Example The first course (primi or minestra) can be a risotto, a soup, or pasta served in a broth or sauced. No matter what is served first, it is served in a bowl, and it always, always precedes the meat, fish, or fowl course. When dining out in Italy, the choice of a second course is made after you've eaten the first course. This way, a diner can evaluate the experience of the first course and decide on its best counterpoint for the second. One or two vegetable dishes (contorno) often round out this course. For example, "fish" is the theme of this meal composed by Marcella Hazan. The antipasto is tiny boiled shrimp served warm and seasoned with lemon juice, olive oil, and parsley. Next (primi) comes a squid and clam risotto to make "peppery comments." Then (secondi), a turbot baked with potatoes and garlic is served. After the turbot, a bitter salad of radicchio and field greens cleanses the palate. The closing course is fresh fruit sliced and served in wine. The Mediterranean diet is all the rage these days - it has a reputation for being sinfully delicious while possessing the virtue of being extremely healthful. Yet when asked to define it, many folks have hard time coming up with a good description. Not surprising. Any country contiguous with the Mediterranean Sea, from Morocco to Greece and from Spain to Israel, can rightly claim that its cuisine qualifies as a form of the Mediterranean diet. Indeed there are hundreds perhaps thousands of variations of the Mediterranean diet as micro-cuisines vary from village to village. In Italy alone there are subtle nuances that distinguish the cuisines of different regions and villages. Roman, Tuscan, Ligurian, Neapolitan and Sicilian cuisine, to name handful of broad categories, are all variations on the Italian version of the Mediterranean Diet. It is the south/central Italian version of the Mediterranean diet, which we will focus on in this course. It is among the healthiest of all Mediterranean cuisines, and we believe is the most delicious. Despite the many variations of the Mediterranean diet, there are some common characteristics that are found in all the healthiest versions. Perhaps the single most important feature that unites all these cuisines is olive oil. It is a vehicle for the tastes that permeate these cuisines and it is the elixir of health that makes them so beneficial. Olive oil is the source of almost all fat in the health Mediterranean diet, there is very little saturated fat from meat and not many other vegetable oils either. Not only is olive oil a beneficial monounsaturated fat, it carries many important anti-oxidants along with it. But perhaps the most important characteristic is simply that it makes vegetables taste absolutely delicious. This encourages the avid consumption of vegetables that is so characteristic of the healthy Mediterranean diet. Broccoli, spinach, tomatoes (technically a fruit), and scores of other vegetables and plant foods have, individually and collectively, been associated with lower

Discuss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discuss - Essay Example Daguerre believed that photography was an art that needed to embrace as it showed life and nature as it really was. In his early years, Morse like Louis was interested in understanding the workings of the nature and whether a naturalistic image could be captured on paper. He was able to successfully produce negative images, but did not understand that negative films could be used in the making positive photographic prints. Morse improved the Daguerreotype by attaching a mirror in the camera lens, and this rectified the error. Morse like Louis believed that photography â€Å"was a teaching tool that could visually educate the public† (Morse 221). Charles Baudelaire on the other hand, disagreed with Louis view that photography was an art he was in fact appalled by the definition if fine art as an accurate representation of some external reality. He considered men fools to believe photographs as â€Å"mirrors of physical facts† (Baudelaire, 83). He believed that photography was meant for record keeping and should not defined as art because it just represented what existed in

CIS 333 discussions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CIS 333 discussions - Coursework Example One of the biggest attacks on mobile operating systems today as noted by researchers at Silicon Valley Security Company is the malware called WireLurker (Perlroth, 2014). It targets the Apple mobile and desktop users. The malware is designed in a way that unauthorized people can access the data from the devices. The security company confirmed that this is a malware affecting the Apple iOS mobile users in China (Perlroth, 2014). The devices become infected with the malware if they connect their devices to Macs through the USB wires and in cases where mobile users have altered their devices and installed software that Apple has not authorized. In china’s case of malware attack on Apple mobile devices it is important for the device users to avoid the risk by not using unauthorized software applications. Users should also prevent the transfer of the malware from the Macs to the mobile devices which occurs when using the USB wire. Users who have altered their devices by jailbreaking or those updating their devices from unknown sites should accept that it is a risk and the consequence is stolen information. Users of Apple mobiles can mitigate this risk by using the mentioned preventative measures. After the attack on Sony in November last year, the company had to face new attacks in December after the company computer systems were breached (Barnes & Perlroth, 2014). The latest breach exposed the company’s executive compensation documents and had more movies pirated (Barnes & Perlroth, 2014). If I was an IT security professional at Sony, I would join a team of other IT engineers at Sony to work with security encryption companies to ensure that more is done beyond having everyone with the same VPN passwords. Tang Yan, a former employee at NetEase and now the founder of Momo, a dating application in China was accused of lack of professional ethics

Sankofa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sankofa - Essay Example However, white man preferred the strong men who were able to work in the fields for long hours. After their capture they were tied together with chains to prevent them from escaping, those who tried to escape were either killed or whipped ruthlessly in front of others, this act helped to instill fear to others who had thought of either being resistant or either escaping. Caravans which consisted of long distance traders and a white man riding on a horse travelled to the coast and the latter to where there were big holding places for the staves. These slaves stayed in this holding place and waited for a merchant who would select them for travel. Women were mainly house slaves while men were field slave. The character of Nunu who was an African native with freedom experience though later sold to slavery is used to represent a true African character. As depicted by the character of noble Ali, Africans themselves were against the slave trade and the ruthless treatment the white men who used on Africans. Additionally, Africans were used against each other, when Master Lafayette who is the plantation owner instructs Noble Ali to whip a fellow slave Ali defy on the claim that he cannot be able to handle whipping and counting at the same time. The story in the film creates a huge reality of what happened during the Trans Saharan and Trans African slave trade. We are shown how Africans were subjected to untold mistreatment, when they were captured, dragged all the way to the coast tied with metallic chains. On arrival at the coast, they were placed in the dungeons tied up, upon arrival to the new world they were forced to leave their way of life and adapt the Christianity this created a religious conflict between the white man’s and the black man’s god. Women on the other hand, were mistreated through rape, which was done on public. During Mona’s transition into shoal, she claims that she dint know

This part of the exam requires some consideration of all concepts of Case Study

This part of the exam requires some consideration of all concepts of the Assess, Decide, - Case Study Example is likely to face is the practice by officers program officer to encourage officers not to drop out of the program for a time long enough to shift the blame to another department. This practice, although not illegal was unethical and Commander Allan Deveneux had to act on it, therefore, he had to assess the how rampant was the problem and the factors that contributed to it. The problem would be found to be loopholes in the system; therefore, a decision would have to be made on how those loopholes would be covered to avoid such incidents in future. After the finding the right way to seal those loopholes in the system, Commander Allan Deveneux would go ahead and implement the decision he found suitable. The final step would be to ensure that the problem of encouraging officers to hold in the program for a period long enough to shift the blame has stopped. The friction between chief Piersall and chief Cyphre caused by a recent firing and widespread command failures to make goals which left a lot of employees unsettled. While Piersall, who was the CMC, was deeply concerned about the morale of the staff and wanted to take some time to help the staff overcome the incident, Cyphre thought that they were just shaken up because they had been used to poor leadership and bad habits and when they resume their normal duties, they would feel better. In order to get to the real cause of the friction between the two senior staff members, assessing them on a personal basis would bear much fruits since they were insincere in their public apologies. In addition since master Piersall was not a career recruiter while master Cyphre was a career recruiter might have been part of the reason for the friction, Allan would have sought the perspectives of both which would have helped him determine whether it may have been a cause. Based on the information tha t he got from both parties Allan would then opt for a solution that would ensure that they work amicably. As the commanding officer,

Methodology - using Hofstede's VSM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Methodology - using Hofstede's VSM - Essay Example There are a number of different studies conducted on similar topic which have been discussed in the literature review. The research strategy cannot be exploratoryYin (2003). On the other hand causal studies are usually used when a cause and effect relationship has to be identified. This means that the changing of one variable should show an effect in other variables, that is the relationship between dependent and independent variable. This study does not establish a cause and effect relationship but only identifies a set of variables relevant to a culture. The research strategies used to identify variables is the correlation study. This study aims at establishing a quantitative evidence for the existence of a set of variables. Therefore in agreement with the research objectives, the research strategy is correlation. The type of research approach being used is directly dependent on the type of research strategy being used. A research usually carried out by using the approach of induction or deduction and in some rare cases a combination of both methods Sekram (2006). The two approaches of research are therefore directly related to types of strategies. The process of deduction is used when enough evidence is available on a research topic. The availability of evidence is a critical in deductive reasoning. This is because deductive reasoning starts from the general to the specific. This can also be described as a top down approach. Thus it leads down to a hypothesis which is than tested. Inductive reasoning on the other hand has a totally different approach. Inductive reasoning starts from the very specific and moves up to the general. Therefore the research is begun by observation of specific phenomenon and observes patterns which can finally be used to establish some general theories or conclusio ns. Therefore we can say that deduction is conclusive in nature Sekram (2006). That means that it is usually used to reach a conclusion. This is

My Suggested Economic Policy For Mr. President Essay Example for Free

My Suggested Economic Policy For Mr. President Essay First of all Mr. President , I will like to congratulate you on your victory as the new president of the United states of America and I wish you a successful and prosperous administration as the president. The success of any administration depends massively on the policies that the commander-in-chief and other government stakeholders put out and how effective the policies are enforced. The past administration had much of their efforts on war, terrorism, and weapons of mass destruction while economic concerns were often relegated to the back burner. I am not saying that security measures are not important to the policies of nation but we cannot ignore the market forces and turn them to our utmost advantages. Policies on international economy are very essential to the prosperity of any nation and that is why I would like you to look into some areas, which I would suggest for your final decision. A New Global Order There are new emerging market economies and china and India are the main point of view. These two countries are becoming world-class competitors in diverse range of sectors and this development will require even more rapid improvement in the skills of U. S. workers and the flexibility of U. S. -based companies. It will be important if your administration continue and develop new reforms that will increase the countrys competitiveness and diligent negotiations on trade and other international issues. However, new competitors also offer attractive markets for U. S. exports and investment. They are valuable suppliers of high-quality, low-cost goods. And if properly incorporated into the global economy—and paired with effective domestic policies in the United States—they will lead to new gains in global growth, as well as improvements in U. S. productivity that will further magnify the benefits of globalization for the United States. Credit Check Going by standards and recent analysis, the United States is the world’s largest deficit and debtor nation. This poses a threat and risk to both the U. S. economy and foreign policy. ). The continued buildup of debt owed to foreigners, moreover, will steadily erode national income over time. This status, I will like your government to look into; and advising your administration to work towards restoring a sustainable current account and international financial position. Energy Drain Energy is another area in the Unites States that is very vulnerable when looking at it from both economic and foreign policy points of view. This is due to the ineffective policy from the past administration. Over the recent years, the leaders of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are allowed to manipulate world energy prices, holding them 50 to 75 percent above market levels in recent years. This has resulted to the rise of the cost of energy as a share of U. S. GDP by triple fold since 1997. The inflation of energy costs has caused a depression to the U. S. GDP and I believe that an effective policy in this area is very important. This area need lots of attention because if this administration do not look into it, the United states government will probably be forced to continue launching periodic military interventions to satisfy its tremendous appetite for energy. Therefore, Mr. President, as your adviser, I believe that effective policies in these areas will bring about economic boos in your administration. REFERENCE Dolan, Edwin G. , and Lindsey, David E. (1991). Economics. Chicago: Dryden Press.

Medieval Diary Essay Example for Free

Medieval Diary Essay Tomorrow is the day I start out on my journey to King Richard’s court. I will not be bringing much in my wagon, as I only have one horse and it cannot carry a significant amount of weight over that far of a distance. Perhaps I will bring some old wine bottles or blunt daggers for my performance in front of the King, as well as a few scrolls of my most favored jokes and poems. Since this will be my first time appearing before the King, I am quite nervous and wish to make him laugh as much as possible. Not only are the King and his court going to be witness to my act, but a large audience as well. When I was summoned, I was told that this was going to be an ornate fayre. Even though I have always received applause by the Dukes and other Lords I have performed for thus far, I hear that King Richard have proven himself to be quite fierce and ferocious, especially in battle; and I only hope that this does not carry over to his sternness in court next week. I am planning on returning home right after the King’s festivities, as I have greatly missed this humble house by the river. Canterbury is always so pleasant this time of year, and traveling around the country for the entire summer and winter of 1196 was extremely exhausting. To be honest, the thought of a long trek ahead leaves me a bit weary; but since this is the first time the King of England has personally requested the services of me, Henry Walter the Jester, I absolutely could not refuse. 4 April 1197 It is noontime right now, and I am resting after a few hours of travel. I did not feel the need to set out too early, as I have given myself enough travel time so that my horse and I may travel at a moderate pace. This morning was a great treat, as I was visited by Rowan the baker, who gave me half a dozen of his freshest loaves of bread, two large sacks of grain for my horse, a sack of oats, and two of his famous meat pies. He had gotten word that I will be appearing before the King and offered me all of this food as a congratulatory gift. Together, with the wheels of cheese, salted pork slabs, and jugs of ale I have already packed, this will surely be enough rations to last me to the King’s fayre and back; and of course, there are several villages I may stop at along the way. I probably loaded up one too many jugs of ale, but it is the surest thing that will keep me in high spirits during my journey. 5 April 1197 Today, I came across a minstrel named Ulric while resting my horse. He is also headed towards King Richard’s fayre, so we have decided to travel together. I suppose one could say it is safer to travel with a companion, but he is quite an interesting character and makes the trip not so monotonous. He comes from York and travels around the same way as I do, earning wages and receiving ample food and shelter from the nobles for which we perform. We both have similar lives and we are both lucky enough to be experienced enough in our professions as wandering performers to make a sizeable income. He, too, was summoned by the King. After we set up camp for the night, Ulric showed me some of the songs he could play on his lute, along with some of the poems he would recite with his music. I must say, he is a very talented musician. I offered to lend him some of the poetry I have brought; but after I showed him my poetry scrolls, he pointed out that they are much too comical to be paired with the performance he had planned for the King. He prefers more artistic pieces of literature based upon love. Perhaps I have spent too much time as a single man to particularly care about love, but I would rather make jokes about the subject and exercise my unique right of having the complete freedom to say anything I wish, mocking anything I choose. 6 April 1197 Ulric and I had to make a quick stop at a village today. During our lunch break, I was searching in my wagon for a jug of ale when I accidentally knocked my jester hat into a muddy puddle; so we had to make haste and find a well. Luckily while I was laundering my hat, Ulric somehow managed to find a box holding a worn chess board with its pieces intact. We spent nearly two hours tonight playing chess, trying to see who had the superior mind. To anyone who mistakes jesters for being uneducated and foolish, I ask them to come and witness a show of my intellect as it is displayed during this game! It does get tiring when ladies and lords all over England assume that I am nothing more than a dunce, simply because of the way I make a living. Could a fool make up witty jokes and stories? I think not. People are so quick to forget that humor is one of the greatest signs of intelligence. 7 April 1197 As I write tonight, I am huddled by the fire. The night air has been so frigid, that I have developed a sore throat. If my voice is too hoarse, then I will not be able to speak will proper volume or unleash my signature robust laugh in the King’s court. I plan to speak very quietly and sparingly until my performance, and eat lots of hot pottage. Ulric may become bored with the lack of conversation, but at least now we have chess. There is no need for conversation when there is chess. During these hours of quiet, I have come to realize how much I truly love my humble home in Canterbury by the river. It is no grand castle, but my village is welcoming and nurturing, and makes me feel as if I have a great extended family. All of their faces greet me whenever I come back from a long journey of being a jester in courts all over England, and it is comforting to know that they will all greet me again after I return from this fayre. 8 April 1197 I am so tired, I can hardly write in this diary even though it is only noon. I did promise myself I would document every step of my first performance before a King, however, so I cannot go without writing for the day. Ulric and I are hoping to arrive at the palace by nightfall and be able to sleep in comfortable quarters rather than the backs of our cramped wagons. As much as I would like to celebrate the end of our journey by finishing off the last two jugs of ale, I plan on retiring early tonight. My throat is feeling much better and my normal voice has returned, so I refuse to do anything to sabotage my recovery. Our horses are nearly done feeding, so I must get ready to travel the last bit of our trek if we are to arrive tonight. 9 April 1197 After a good night’s rest in a comfortable bed, I feel refreshed and ready to be seen by King Richard the Lionheart. I have decided to perform an exaggerated victory of a battle between two lions as a pun on his nickname. As a jester, after all, nobody is off-limits in terms of mockery—not even the King himself. If I am to gain his favor and make him laugh, I might as well use all of my tricks and wit to do so. I must say, this is the grandest of all fayres I have witnessed. Ulric has been charming the court all afternoon with his lute playing and poetry, there are lines of trumpeters, archery tournaments, and hoards of people enjoying the festivities. I cannot wait until after the King’s royal feast, when it will be my turn to be granted an audience. Although my nerves are a bit on edge, I feel confident. My new red outfit is freshly pressed, the bells on my hat are extra shiny, my marotte is in hand, and I am positive that I have enough energy to evoke laughter from all people of the court. I am certain that today’s performance will be the greatest I have given, and that I will return to Canterbury with only positive stories to tell.

Superstructure Construction Material Suitability

Superstructure Construction Material Suitability EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project involves the selection criteria of the material used to construct a three story college building superstructure at the brown field site. Generally superstructure is the above foundation/ground level part of the building. The main goal of this report is to analyze several materials and the suitability for superstructure construction. We will analyze the following materials; reinforced concrete, steel, timber and then select one most suitable material for our project. The main goal of the report is to analyze three of the possible materials suitable for the superstructure and select the most suitable materials for different elements while considering the sites generic and specific implications. Components of a superstructure Before we analyze and give a recommendation of the best suitable materials for a superstructure it is important to understand the various components that make up a superstructure. This includes; columns, slabs, walls, roofs and beams. In details Columns Columns are the perpendicular load bearing elements of the superstructure and can be either for architectural or engineering purposes. Architectural columns are majorly for aesthetics while engineering columns are for support/load bearing and are used to transmit loading to the footing then to the ground. In some cases structural columns are decorated to improve its aesthetics. Columns can be made in either reinforced concrete, steel or timber based on several suitability factors like the size of the structure, materials availability etc.   For this case we will use steel frames encased in concrete cover for columns. Column construction will involve; Colum formwork, Colum reinforcement, concrete pumping and formwork lifting. Slabs These are the flat and horizontal components of the building where the weight due to different elements like occupancy act on. Slabs can be made of either reinforced concrete, steel or timber. For this case we will use concrete slabs. . Slab works consists of the following steps: Slab formwork, concrete pumping and finally the formwork lifting Beams Beams are the horizontal elements used to transfer the structures weight to the columns which then transmit the weight to the footing then to the ground. They can either be made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood. For this project steel beams will be used. The construction of the steel beams which will then be encased in concrete. Beam construction will involve Beam reinforcement, beam formwork, concrete pumping and lifting of the formwork. Walls Walls are the building enclosing structures and can either be load bearing or non-load bearing part of the superstructure. Walls can either be made of reinforced concrete for load bearing walls and either timber, masonry bricks, straw, etc. for non-load bearing walls. Roofs Roofs are the overall top part of the structure mostly used a shade and protection of the building from excessive rain and sun, The roof structure design is influenced by many factors like, the span of the building, the types of roof cover to be used, roof cover and weather load, cost, aesthetics MATERIALS REVIEW It takes a combination of many different materials to complete a building construction project Reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete a mix of concrete and steel reinforcements. Concrete is one of the most ancient construction materials and it was employed by romans as early 100 BC and has extreme compressive strength. To achieve much higher tensional strength while constructing, concrete is mixed with steel bars to form reinforced concrete that has an overall greater strength than either steel or concrete alone, Benham, 1983. Reinforced concrete is widely used in the construction of various elements of a superstructure of buildings; columns, beams, slabs and shear walls. Concrete is normally poured around steel formwork and the shape is determined by the encasements used to limit the movement of concrete. The concrete is then left to dry to achieve the various structural elements and maximum strength. (Abdulla 708477) Steel. There are several metals used in construction but steel is the most popular of them all and it has been used over centuries now. Steel has got numerous applications that range from decorative to structural support to reinforcements. Steel applied independently and not in concrete is known as structural steel. Structural steel is mostly used to refer to hot rolled steel sections, plates and shapes. The different structural steel shapes are as a result of passing heated steel strips through successive rollers with respective molds. (Ali 708389) Wood Wood is among the earliest materials ever used in construction and is still being widely used despite the popularity of concrete and steel. Wood is mostly used for structural framing (finish carpentry), cabinetry, trim, floors. Wood has high strength in compression, tension and bending in relation to its weight. Wood also has extremely good impact resistance. In current times there is an increased use of timber as plywood (Glue laminated timber) to achieve even much great strength and lengths. In this glue laminated timber wooden frames are arranged at right angles to each other. This maximized the strength of the wood. (Mohammed 729291) MATERIAL SELECTION (REINFORCED CONCRETE FOR THE SLAB WHILE STEEL FRAMES FOR SLABS AND COLUIMNS) Our material of choice for this case is reinforced concrete and steel. Concrete is the most used construction material world-wide and its application is very ancient with very few changes introduced along the years. Due to this few variabilities in development, concrete execution technique in constructions are well established so as to achieve perfect structures. Steel follows closely with it being popular with multi story structures. Concrete is an artificial mixture made from Portland cement, aggregates and water. Cement has been in use around the world for numerous years but the most commonly used cement today (Portland cement) was invented in Britain in the year 1824. Portland cement is produced by mixing ground limestone, shale or clay, sand and iron ore then the mix is heat to 1600 degrees Celsius in the rotary kiln. Concrete is formed by mixing the Portland cement and aggregates and water whereby a chemical process called hydration occurs. The hydration process forms concrete which is in plastic state and it transforms into solid state in about 2 hours. The concrete continually gains strength on cooling with maximum strength at the 28th day given the curing is done correctly, SUITABILITY OF CONCRETE FOR THE CONCRETE SLABS The following properties of concrete makes them the best suited materials for construction of slabs. Concrete is a mix of several materials formed through solidification of cement, water and aggregates (either fine or course aggregates or both). Reinforced concrete is steel rod enhanced concrete to achieve a much higher strength. High Compressive and Tensional strength The strength of concrete is generally higher than most of the other construction materials. The strength of concrete is determined by the water cement ratio and the lower the ratio the higher the final strength of the given concrete. There are two components used in classifying the strength of concrete as a suitable construction material, Neville, 2011 Compressive strength of concrete This the maximum resistance ability of concrete to axial loading at an age of 28 days after mixing, placement and curing. Compressive strength of concrete is measured in Pounds per square inch (psi). During the first 28 days, concrete achieves about 90 % of its strength and it is important to ensure sufficient curing disallowing drying/freezing so as to achieve this strength. The concretes compressive strength is dependent on quality and proportions of the concretes ingredients and the curing environment. Neville 2011, Tensional strength Reinforced concrete derives its tensional strength from using steel reinforcement bars. Steel has extremely good tensional strength with relatively low compressive strength as compared to concrete. The combination of the two harness the compression and tensional strength of each other to achieve higher overall strength. Mtallib, 2010. Workability It is much easier to work with concrete in construction of the super structure. This is due to its plastic state within the 0 2 hour range. Workability can be termed as the ease with which it can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. There are however several factors that influence the workability of concrete which include; Characteristics and quantity of the cementing materials, the slump (concrete consistence), duration and the method of transportation, the percentage of the entrained air, the aggregate grading, surface texture and shape, water content, ambient and concrete air temperature, presence of admixtures The workability of concrete can be determined using a test called slump test that is basically the indication of the water content of a mix. The water content to a great extent determine the workability of any given concrete. Good adhesion to reinforcements One of the major factors that make concrete the most preferred materials in construction over ages is its great adhesion ability with different materials and more so with steel reinforcements. The bond strength between concrete and steel reinforcement bars are as a result of mechanical interactions, chemical reactions and thermodynamics reaction that happen upon placement of concrete to steel formwork. Kendall, 1983 Corrosion resistance The corrosion resistance ability of concrete makes reinforced concrete materials best suited against corrosion as compared to other construction material like wood and timber. Corrosion mostly affect the steel reinforcement and least concrete. Steel reinforcements are normally encased within concrete covering to reduce corrosive action of the environment and other materials to the steel reinforcements, Neville, 2011. Fire and Heat resistance Concrete has very high heat resistance compared to steel and wooden construction material. Reinforced concrete materials failure due to heat is mostly due to the failure of steel bars under extreme heat. However to counter this the concrete cover provides a good insulation of the covered reinforcement steel bars in extreme fire conditions. This provides more time for fire extinguishing and rescue in case of a fire hazard. Corrosion Resistance The corrosion resistance of concrete is very high hence can survive numerous types of environment. On the contrary reinforcement steel react to numerous aspects of our environments including humidity causing rust. Reinforced concrete is designed such that the more resistant concrete protects the much delicate steel bars. Sufficient density The density of reinforced concrete is basically the measure of its unit weight which is average weight density of 150 lb/ft3 (pcf).. This density is sufficient enough to protect the building from nature forces and other natural or induced forces that can affect the given structure SUITABILITY OF STEEL FRAMES FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS Steel was selected for construction of the beam and column structural members due to the following reasons. Steel is easy to assemble It is much easier to assemble steel as the different steel frames can easily be fabricated to the required shape and size in the factory and then be carried to the given site for assembly. It is also easier and faster to fabricate steel at site as compared to concrete and wood making it cheap to build the given substructure. All this speed up the construction process while maintaining the required tight construction tolerance Steel is strong in both compression and tension hence high tensional and compressive strength. Steel has relatively very high compressive and tensional strength making it very suitable for construction of beams and columns. More and more stronger structural steel has been developed along the way and the yield strength of most structural steel in use today is more than 50,000 psi. Steel is more reliable and predictable Most steel is fabricated in the factories where its properties are closely monitored and controlled conditions by using very modern and recent technology in quality assurance Use of steel is more efficient. Construction of buildings using steel can be optimized by use of slender columns maximizing the floor space available for other things. Typical steel column occupies 75 % less space as compared to a concrete column References ACI committee, roller compacted mass concrete, part 1, ACI manual of concrete practice Benham, P.P, Warnock, F.V, 1983, Mechanics of solids and structures, Pitman publishing Limited, London UK British Standards, BS4449, British standards for reinforcing steel EN 10025; European structural steel code of practice. Kendall, K. Howard, A.J, 1983, the relation between Porosity, microstructure and strength, and the approach to advanced cement based materials. Materials data book, Cambridge University Engineering department Mtallib, M.O.A, Marke A.I, 2010, Comparative evaluation of flexural strength of concrete, Nigerian Journal Technology, 2013 Neville, A.M, 2011, Properties of concrete, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, England. Neville, A.M, Brooks, J.J, Concrete Technology, Department of Engineering, University of Leeds, England.

Essay on William Shakespeares Plagiarism of King Lear -- Biography Bi

Shakespeare's Plagiarism of King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚   In creating the tragedy play King Lear, William Shakespeare plagiarized many sources in getting the base-line story, but it required his genius and intellect to place them together to create the true tragedy with its multiple plot lines that his play turned out to be in the end. The story of King Lear (or as it started, King Leir) is first seen in literature in the year 1135, contained in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. Other authors placed King Leir into their stories including; John Higgins in A Mirror for Magistrates (1574), by Warner in Albion's England (1586), by Holinshed in The Second Book of the Historie of England (1577), and by Spencer in The Faerie Queen (1590). The most influential of all was probably The True Chronicle History of King Leir, which was anonymous. This play was performed as early as 1594, which is when it showed up in the "Stationers' Register." Kenneth Muir even suggested that Shakespeare "may have acted in it" (Muir 141). Sh akespeare took the best of all the sources of King Leir, added his touches and personality, and created the masterpiece we enjoy today.    Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae, gave us the description of King Lear and his three daughters, and also the basis for the love test. One major difference is that unlike Shakespeare's Lear, Geoffrey's Leir does not appear to be insane and has not lost control of his mind. In fact, he regains control of the kingdom, with the help of the King of France. According to Geoffrey Bullough, "This is no senile man" (Bullough 273). Whether Shakespeare actually read this account of the daughters and the love test or read it in a later version cannot be proven, but... ...ly continuous was masterful. Despite the use of all the sources, the additions of the Fool, the earlier death of Cordelia, the plot of Edmund to take over the kingdom, and the blindness of Gloucester (literally) and Lear (emotionally) was pure genius of Shakespeare. The blending of both the sources and his genius led to a complete and amazing story of redemption, the same way that Jane Smiley used Shakespeare's King Lear as a source to help create her Pulitzer Prize winning A Thousand Acres about a twentieth-century farm.    Works Cited Bullough, Geoffrey. "King Lear". Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973. Muir, Kenneth. "Great Tragedies I: King Lear." Shakespeare's Sources. London: Methuen & Co Ltd, 1957. Satin, Joseph. "King Lear." Shakespeare and His Sources. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966.

Central Themes in The Graduate Essay -- Papers Film Movie Essays

Central Themes in The Graduate The themes of loneliness, isolation and entrapment are central to the narrative of the 1967 film The Graduate. Throughout the film, many devices are used in order to communicate this to the audience. This list of devices includes the use of water and glass for example, which is seen in many scenes and emphasizes the isolation and entrapment of the not particularly remarkable but worthy kid who drowns amongst many objects and things throughout this film. The first scene we are going to look at is the party at the beginning of the film; I find this a perfect example to look at Ben’s reactions and his need or desire to be alone all the time, he doesn’t like to be around that many people for too much time, or in fact no time at all. There’s a part at the beginning of this scene when we see Ben sitting alone with the lights off, but we don’t realize they’re off until his father comes in and switches them on, interrupting the silence and making Ben uncomfortable since he obviously wants to be alone. Then there are a few shots where we can get a glimpse of the fish tank, but more importantly, we see the scooba diver inside it. When you come to think of it, the scooba diver is always there, in the middle of the depth of the water inside the fishtank, having water and glass putting him into total isolation, trapped but always exhibited, looked at, he is subject to people’s examination. This whole thing may signify Ben’s both loneliness and entrapment apart from isolation that we already mentioned. Close-ups on Ben’s face and his gestures suggest drastically that he wants to be left alone, but his parents insist... ...normous glass which separates the bottom part of the church from the upper floor, where the choir usually is. How often is this seen in a church? Practically never. It’s also very ironic how Ben uses the Christian cross to keep the distance between him and Elaine and the rest of the people, and also how he uses it to lock them inside the church to buy them time to run away. Now it’s all the people who are locked behind glass, which doesn’t change much since Ben (and also Elaine now) is still as isolated as before. All throughout the film we see constant use of conventional codes which reflect many different things which most times have a subconscious effect on the audience. All these devices added up together have a very strong effect, clearly emphasizing all throughout the piece loneliness, isolation and entrapment.

Compare and Contrast Tragedy and Comedy :: comparison compare contrast essays

Compare and Contrast Tragedy and Comedy A tragedy is defined as beginning with a problem that affects everyone, i.e. the whole town or all the characters involved, the tragic hero must solve this problem and this results in his banishment or death [run-on sentence]. A comedy is defined as also beginning with a problem, but one of less significant importance. The characters try to solve the problem and the story ends with all the characters uniting in either a marriage of a party. Although these two genres are seen as being complete opposites of each other, through further analysis one can gather that though they are different certain similarities can also be seen. One aspect of these genres that can be compared and contrasted is the narrative or plot. A comparison can be analyzed in that both begin with a problem. In Oedipus Rex, the play begins with a plague devastating the city of Thebes. In A Midsummer Night's Dream there is also a plague that is upon the land. However, a difference between these two beginnings is that in Oedipus Rex the citizen are effected by it to the point that they look towards Oedipus for a solution to their suffering; while in A Midsummer Night's Dream, the effects of the plague are never shown to the audience and it seems a minor detail. Another difference is the cause of the plague in the two plays. In the tragedy, Oedipus Rex, the hero ends up being the cause because he murdered the king; while in A Midsummer Night's Dream the cause is a fight between Titania and Oberon. Another point that can be compared and contrasted is the search for a solution in the plots. In Hamlet, Hamlet is searching for the truth to discover if his father was really murdered by his uncle and if this is true he must correct the situation by killing his uncle. Also, in Oedipus Rex this plot is seen in that Oedipus is searching for the truth about the murder of the old king, Laios, and the situation will be resolved by the murder being banished from Thebes. In contrast A Midsummer Night's Dream is more centered around the lovers trying to overcome the forces that separate them and Oberon seeking revenge on Titania.

Tomorrow, When the war began film study

The Opening The film begins with a close up shot of Elli speaking to the camera. It Is obvious that this footage was taken at the end of the story, as she has cuts on her face and she looks dirty. Elli says that they're not going to hold back. Recording it like that is so important to them; it's a way of telling themselves that they still matter. The video diary is a great way to start the film as it explains the voice-over throughout the rest of the film as well as putting the audience In suspense. The footage Is of poor quality and on a smaller screen, so It Is a very obvious Jump In time when Elli takes the Tory back to the beginning.From what we see, It Is obvious that Elli has grown up on a farm. She is independent and very capable. Elli rides her motorbike to see her best mate, Carrie. On the way to Corrine's house there is a sequence of shots. The first is a shot of a dirt road and a sign welcoming people to Wearied. This tells us that Elli lives out of town. Elli is smiling a nd waving at the people in town. We see a lawnmower; a garbage truck and a banner advertising the annual Australia Day show at the show grounds. We also see the Chinese Restaurant and the Dentists across the dad.There is a shot of people setting up at the show grounds, then an establishment shot of Corrine's house. This sequence demonstrates the balance. Every aspect of the motorbike sequence is important as they all come into the story later Retelling the story The film opens with a close up shot of Elli, which was obviously taken post-war. She has a cut on her forehead and she looks tired and dirty. Elli talks about how the group feels by the end of the film, which puts the audience in suspense to know how it all happened. Elli says she's going to tell the story from the beginning.This explains the voice-over throughout the film. Carrie and Elli are childhood friends. They want to go camping before school goes back. Carrie wants to go further up the river than they've ever been be fore, maybe all the way into Hell. Elli says she'll ask her dad for the Landholder. After finally convincing her parents, Elli talks to Carrie about who they should invite. Kevin, Corrine's boyfriend, is a definite and they decide to take Homer as well. Homer grew up on the farm next to Else's, so he's almost like a brother. Homer wants to invite Fl. When we first meet If she is in a beauty salon Ewing pampered.It's Ironic that Homer and Fl end up liking each other, as they are from different worlds. Homer Is very rebellious and proud of his Creek heritage. The next character that is introduced is Lee. It was Else's choice to invite him. She describes him as interesting. Lee works in the Chinese restaurant that his parents own. Lee made six, but Else's dad said they had to have eight. Eventually they compromised on seven, as long as Robin was the seventh. Robin comes from a very strictly religious family. There Is a hilarious scene of Robin asking for her Father's permission to go c amping.They seem to be In his office. The room Is dimly 11th and the opposite side of the desk to her father. Elli and Carrie look like they are trying very hard not to laugh. The three girls are looking very well presented. This displays Robin's character well. She is trustworthy and responsible, but cheeky. She is saying what she knows her Dad will agree to. The next shot is the seven teenagers driving in the Landholder. They all get out of the Landholder at the top of a hill. Kevin remarks that they can see Cobblers Bay and the Heron Bridge from where they are. That comment from Kevin sets the story up for later on.They leave the Landholder there and hike the rest of the way into Hell. When they get into Hell the first piece of composed music starts to play. Up until this point only pre-recorded music has been played. Hell is very isolated and peaceful. It's a really beautiful and quiet location. The group spends time bonding, laughing around a campfire. Through a conversation be tween If and Elli we discover that If has self-confidence issues. The next day Homer is talking to Elli about F'. Homer is reluctant to ask her out because he thinks that a girl as pretty as that must get asked out all the time.On the second eight of camping under the stars, planes are seen flying over them. No one takes much notice of it. â€Å"Just a bunch of Army planes going somewhere. † -? Elli. The next morning the group discusses the planes. Robin said that her and Lee stayed awake counting them, that there were dozens and dozens, flying really low. Whilst in Hell, Kevin shows small signs of selfishness. He was eating chocolate without sharing, and when there was a snake in his sleeping bag he made a big deal about it even though Elli was the one the snake was going for. The snake was about to bite Elli when Lee killed it. If went into the river.This shows small signs of some important traits in the characters. If is a bit of an airhead, as she didn't know snakes could swim. Elli is very selfless and doesn't draw attention to herself. Lee is protective over those he cares about. In this scene Homer is the one who gets the snake out of the sleeping bag, which shows that he is brave. They leave the next morning. As soon as the Landholder pulls up at Else's there is a very strong sense that something is wrong. The colors in the shot are very dull and there a subtle but dramatic music that builds. Else's dog is dead and her parents are nowhere to be seen.The power is out and the phone lines have been cut. There is no cell reception or Internet connection. They all go to Homer's house next, which they find to be empty also. When the others find Homer inside he's trying to use some sort of radio communicator. â€Å"Real quiet out there. † -Homer. They traveled to Kevin house on motorbikes as they had decided to stay off the main roads. Seven's family isn't there but his dog, Flip, is. There is a fight between the boys because Lee said it was a b ad idea to take the dog with them. They decide to take Flip with them to Corrine's and make another decision depending on what they find there.They find nothing new at Corrine's house. Robin says that you can see most of Wire from the hill out the back of her house, which might tell them something. They see lights at the show grounds, which they think is where everyone is, and at the hospital, which must be using emergency generators. The group decides to split up. Robin and Lee go to Lee's house and Homer takes If to hers. Homer, Carrie and Elli go to the show grounds. The story follows where Elli goes. At the show grounds they see most of the town being held captive. Elli goes to get a closer look while Kevin and Carrie stay hiding in between parked cars.A man careful a sentry spotted her. The soldiers start shooting at the three of them. Kevin runs and leaves the girls. The next shot is of the two girls running down a street. Kevin Jumps out at them and says he thought they were ahead of him so he Just ran. The girls are pretty mad at Kevin for running out on them. The three of them run into someone's backyard to hide from the soldiers. Carrie cuts her knee on a lawn mower as they're running. The soldiers are walking along the street looking for them. Elli takes Seven's shirt and dips it into the petrol tank, then sets that on fire to throw back at the lawn mower.The lawn mower blows up, killing three soldiers. When Elli, Carrie and Kevin get back to Robin's house If and Homer are there, but Lee and Robin hadn't returned yet. There is a scene the next day when Elli is sleeping on the couch next to Homer. When they wake up Homer and Elli talk about what's happening. Homer ties his hair up. From that point Homer's hair stays back, which is symbolic for when he gets serious about what's happening. Homer and Elli have become the leaders of the group. Homer and Elli decide to go back into town to look for them.Seven's selfishness shows again when he is against t he idea of going into own. Carrie is very mad at Kevin. Elli, Homer, If, Carrie and Homer are sitting around the table at Corrine's making a list of things they need to pack in the Landholder to take into Hell. Kevin starts trying to fix something that makes a lot of noise. Once he stops that, they all hear Flip barking and a faint helicopter noise. They forgot to have someone on watch. The helicopter flies around the house looking in with a spotlight. No one is spotted but it comes back and Homer shoots at it on impulse. The helicopter marks the house with flares.The group runs from the house, Elli and If eloping Carrie run because of her injured knee. Kevin runs back to save his dog, Flip. A missile in shot into the house and it explodes. The group had only Just made it into the shed in time. This makes them all realize how right Homer was. Hell was the only safe place for them. Elli and Homer ride into town to find Lee and Robin. As they're riding into town they pass the Heron Br idge and see that the enemy are using it for access to Wearied from Cobblers Bay. When Elli and Homer reach Robin's house they found her there alone and very scared. Lee had been shot. Robin leads Elli andHomer to Lee's restaurant. There is a great shot when Elli is waiting for Homer and Robin and she sees a painting on the brick wall behind her. The painting is of Captain Cook and His men settling in Australia, there are indigenous people standing in the background. This is a big statement as to what the English did to the aboriginals. When they get to Lee's restaurant there was a man, Dry Clement, is working on Lee's leg. Before he leaves Elli asks him if he knows about any others like them. He tells them that he's heard about a few. Some even tried to blow up the Heron Bridge, but they all paid the price.Elli, Homer, Lee and Robin are discussing how to get Lee out of town. They end up deciding on a garbage truck, which was Else's idea. She wanted to rock up in something so indest ructible that it wouldn't matter who saw them. Lee climbs into the bucket at the front of the truck and Robin sits in the cabin with Elli while Homer gets a get-away car. Soldiers start shooting at them. Elli yells to Robin to take the gun and shoot back but she refuses. There is a car chase sequence. In the end they get away and meet Homer. The next scene is of Carrie looking at the smoking rubble of what was her home.The colors in the shot car. Throughout the movie there are many times when the strong friendship between these two girls is showed. Everyone is in the Landholder asleep while Elli is driving. She is too tired to drive and almost hits a tree. She pulls into the next driveway and stops the car. As they're all walking into the house they start talking about the boy who lives in that house, Chris, saying he's a stoner. They hear a voice and Chris is standing on the porch watching them. Chris did look like a bit of a stoner. He had earphones in, and his hair looked unkempt . Elli left Chris on watch while the others Estes.Elli and Lee were sitting together talking. Lee kissed Elli and she kissed him back. Elli then left Lee to go check on Chris. When Elli gets to Chris she sees that he's fallen asleep. This enrages Elli. She's screaming at Chris that he risked all of their lives. Elli takes the gun and points it at Chris. Chris falls to the floor. Because of the camera angles, we get the sense that Elli is in power. The camera points up to Elli and points down to Chris, so the audience would get the feeling of who is the weaker one if they didn't already know. Elli doesn't shoot Chris. Chris goes with them back to Hell.When in Hell, there is a moment when Elli is alone on top of the hill. She is looking out at the Heron Bridge. She can see convoys rolling across it consistently. The next scene is of Elli, Lee and Homer watching the bridge at night and talking about why and how they are going to blow it up. â€Å"If they can't resurvey their soldiers, then they can't fight. † -? Elli. Homer already has a plan. Elli and If steal a petrol tanker, almost getting shot by soldiers. Dramatic music builds, but stops suddenly when If asks if she can smash the window. The music tarts building again when she smashes it and the soldiers hear it.Elli and If park the tanker close to the bridge. There are four Walker-Talkies between the groups, one between two. If turns the walker-talkie off, so they don't receive the message that there were soldiers creeping up behind the truck. To get away, the girls have to drive the tanker into position, but no one else was ready yet. Homer and Lee hurry their distraction, which works quite well. Elli and If are all set until they realize that neither of them have a lighter. Elli and If are lying on the ground screaming and eating shot at by soldiers. Robin takes the gun Chris was holding and shoots the soldiers.Meanwhile, Kevin, Carrie, Homer and Lee are all getting shot at by the soldiers. Kevin g ets up and runs from the group. Instead of leaving them, he brings back the other motorbike for them all to get away on. Homer and Lee take that bike and Kevin is about to drive away with Carrie when she stops him. She's about to say she forgives him or something, when she gets shot. Chris runs to light the rope to blow up the tanker. The truck explodes and completely obliterates the bridge. Elli, If, Robin and Chris return to Else's house to find Carrie lying on the couch bleeding. Kevin says he loves her takes her to hospital.The film then goes to Else's video diaries talking about the search parties they've seen. The group is back in hell, with guns. They're looking out to Cobbler's Bay and where the Heron Bridge was. The last shot is of three motorbikes riding into the distance, each with two people on them. Characters and Conflicts Kevin Immediately after the motorbike sequence Carrie tells Elli about losing her virginity to Kevin. Kevin is obviously in a committed relationship . Whilst camping in Hell, Kevin shows some subtle signs of selfishness. The first example was when he was eating chocolate without sharing, even though the whole group wanted some.The second example was when there was a snake in his sleeping bag. Kevin refused to go near it, and even when the snake was dead he made a fuss. When the group had returned from Hell and rode motorbikes to Seven's house, Kevin was the only one not sharing a bike with someone. Later on that day, Kevin was with Elli and Carrie when the soldiers started going after them. Elli and Carrie fall behind and Kevin leaves them. The next day, when the group are discussing going into town to look for Robin and Lee, Kevin interrupts saying that it's a huge risk and that he won't go.Near the end of the film, Kevin, Carrie, Homer and Lee are getting shot at by the soldiers. Kevin gets up and runs, this makes the audience think he's leaving them again. But he actually gets another motorbike so they can all leave. Kevin is waiting for Carrie to get on the back of his bike when she gets shot. Kevin drives Carrie to hospital, even though there is most certainly a very dark future for him in this war. By the end of the film Kevin has realized how much Carrie means to him. Homer Homer has a proud rebellious Greek side in him that makes him not care what anyone thought of him.Homer is a troublemaker, which is made obvious when his character is first introduced strutting out of the police station with pride. During the time he spent with the group before the war started, Homer becomes known as a joker. An example of this is when the snake is in Seven's sleeping bag. During that one scene Homer shows that he is independent, capable and immature. The example of him being capable was the fact that Homer was the one trying to get the snake out of the sleeping bag. He shows his immaturity by dancing when Elli told him to shake it, meaning the bag.He shows that he is very independent when Lee kills that snake an d Homer says he was about to do that, as if he thought Lee wasn't needed. His rebellious thinking becomes useful when the group decide to blow up the bridge. Homer's major turning point in the film is when he ties his hair up. From this point onwards, Homer is a very a serious and committed member of the group. Robin Robin comes from a very strict, religious family. However, she is quite cheeky in the way that she lies to her Dad about her reasons for wanting to go camping. Robin is very well presented in front of her father.At first, she seemed quite shy but whilst the group was spending time together in Hell she opened up a bit. When the group is talking about going into town to fight, Robin very firmly states that she would not kill anyone. At one point, her morals almost kill her, Elli and Lee when she refuses to shoot back at the soldiers chasing them in the scene with the garbage truck. Robin is very caring, this is shown when we find out that Robin carried Lee to safety after he was shot. When the group is trying to execute their plan to destroy the bridge and it al goes horribly wrong, Robin helps save the day.Elli and If are lying in the grass takes the gun from Chris and walks forward. There is a brilliant shot of her walking forward, and her leg pushes past a swing seat. This represents Robin moving away from the innocent child she's always been. By the end of the film, Robin is still scared but she has grown. She is stronger and she is more willing. Key Scenes Prominent Setting This scene takes place during the second night that the group spends camping in Hell before the war started. The scene starts with a close up shot of Homer snoring, leaping around a campfire.The camera then moves to Elli, when we hear the sound of airplanes. Elli wakes and looks at Carrie who is lying across the fire from her. It takes Elli a moment to register what the sound is; she looks to the sky and sees the planes. Carrie wakes and asks about the smell, and questions w hen Elli says it's Jet fuel. â€Å"Just a bunch of Army planes going somewhere. † -? Elli. Carrie then rolls over to be closer to Kevin, which leaves only Homer and Elli in the light of the fire. This shot is great because Elli and Homer become the leaders. The fact that Homer doesn't wake up is a very subtle hint that he still needs to mature.The shot of Elli and Homer sleeping is an aerial shot to give the feeling that they are small and weak against the forces of the invading army. This scene only lasts for 50 seconds but it is a crucial part of the story. If this scene didn't exist, it would seem to be such a sudden Jump from the balance when they return from Hell. I think the setting is important in this scene because it shows how well hidden and safe they are in Hell. This scene is another very short scene, but I think the camera work is great. In this cane Elli is asking Lee to come camping with her and her friends.Elli is quite awkward in conversation, which makes it apparent that she likes Lee. Lee seems to be very happy to be hearing from Elli, so maybe he likes her too. For the most part of the conversation, Elli and Lee are facing away from each other, making it look awkward. The camera shots don't have them facing each other until Lee says that he'd love to go camping with her. At this, Ell spins around talking excitedly. Elli seems to relax when Lee says yes too, this may be more obvious because of the camera work. The rule of thirds is used well in this scene.Both of the characters shoulders sit along the bottom horizontal line, and the face of the character is usually on one of the vertical lines. Excellent Camera Work The scene starts off with the group, apart from Lee and Robin, sitting at the table at Corrine's house making a list of things to take with them to Hell. Kevin leaves the table to go try fixing the sink, which makes a lot of noise. When he does fix it and the noise takes charge of the situation. He yells for everyone to sp read out and go to different rooms. The helicopter circles the house until it's where Elli is standing.This shot of Elli is good because it follows the rule of thirds very well. The bottom horizontal line goes across the floor and the right vertical line is on the doormen where Elli is standing. The light stays on her for a while until the helicopter leaves. Everyone takes a breath of relief, and then it comes back. The group all drops to the ground except Homer, who impulsively shoots at the helicopter. The helicopter marks the house with flairs. Elli yells at everyone to run. They all make it to the shed with time to spare except Kevin, who goes back for Flip. Kevin has to Jump from the explosion but he doesn't get hurt.Corrine's house is completely destroyed. The ending Elli, F', Robin and Chris walk into Else's house. They're talking and laughing excitedly about the bridge. They're mood suddenly drops when they see Lee. He leads them to the living room where Carrie is lying on t he couch across Seven's lap. Kevin is holding her and stroking her hair. Elli rushes to her side. Carrie wants them to leave her. Homer agrees, he says it's the only rational thing to do. Kevin interrupts saying he doesn't care what's rational. He loves Carrie and he's staying with her. This displays well how much Kevin has changed.Sad music starts playing quietly Just before Kevin says that he loves Carrie. Elli says goodbye to Carrie through the window of the Landholder. Elli runs to Lee and cries, very loudly. Only the two couples are shown in focus now: Homer and If, and Elli and Lee. The music swells as Elli is crying, then dulls. Homer starts talking about what they've done, saying that they've hit them hard and that the soldiers will be looking for them. A different music starts playing. The music now is similar to what played when the group returned from Hell to Else's empty house. It cuts to Else's video diary. She is well composed, strong.Else's voice continues over a heli copter shot going around the hills into Hell. Dramatic music is building. The six of them are getting guns from somewhere hidden in the bush. They Bridge was. The camera moves over each one of them. The appearance of some shows how much they've changed. Chris has his hair tucked into a beanie, and looks serious. If has dirty hair no makeup, she looks determined and ready. Before, If could have been compared to a frightened little Barbie Doll, but now she's more like a soldier. Robin's face is pale and dirty. She looks slightly frightened but she knows what she needs to do.The group walks forward in single file. Robin is the last to follow; She pauses before walking with them and takes a deep breath. This shows that Robin is still scared and religious, but she will stay with her friends and protect them when she can. The music has been building and is quite loud by this time. The last shot is of three motorbikes with two people on each, riding off into the distance. The music reaches it's climax and is cut off to play the credit music. Alternate Ending The two endings are the same until Homer's dialogue. His voice continues over the shot of the bikes riding along the road.There are individual shots of the couples on the bikes. It then cuts to Else's video diary. However, in this video diary Elli is pouring her feelings out, hoping they'll be safe. The ending they chose was best suited to the movie. The audience would be more eager to watch a sequel because it would more likely lead to more action. The real ending I think was better because it showed how losing Carrie had made them stronger and developed as a group. It really emphasizes the changes they have all made throughout the film. It would lead into the second film well because they are looking at Cobblers Bay, which they plan to attack.